The Role of Communities of Practice in Increasing Organizational Maturity Levels towards Digital Transformation: Case Study of Employee Cooperative
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37385/jaets.v6i2.5539Keywords:
Communities of Practice, CoP, Digital Maturity Level, Digital Transformation, Case StudyAbstract
Organizations looking to improve operational efficiency, customer service and innovation begin by embarking on digital transformation journey. Such transformation necessitates a radical shift in the way organizations execute and behave. Communities of Practice (CoPs) are central to this wavy journey towards agility. This paper presents the role of CoP to assist in advancing organizational maturity quality for successful digital transformation, focusing from a social learning perspective. This paper conducted a case study with an employee cooperative of one state-owned enterprise based in Jakarta, Indonesia using literature reviews and semi-structured interviews involving the perspective from managers, IT staffs as well general staff. This paper utilized the Deloitte Digital Maturity Model (DMM) to evaluate digital maturity levels in five areas: Strategy, Culture, Organization, Technology and Customer. Results suggest that CoPs encourage a learning, innovative culture supported by management strong support and flexible structures with digital collaboration tools embedded in this comprehensive structure as well purposeful continuous training. The cooperative's digital maturity is in the initial stages, with five areas identified for improvement in strategy integration, cultural openness, organizational structure, technological adoption, and customer engagement. This research underlines that CoPs play an important role in enabling collaborative learning as well as digital maturity. Future research could elaborate on the long-term consequences of CoP and extend comparisons across various industries as well as consider how emerging technology influences a variety of factors related to effectiveness of CoPs.
Downloads
References
Abbu, H., Mugge, P., Gudergan, G., & Kwiatkowski, A. (2020, June). Digital leadership-character and competency differentiates digitally mature organizations. In 2020 IEEE international conference on engineering, technology and innovation (ICE/ITMC) (pp. 1-9). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ice/itmc49519.2020.9198576
Albukhitan, S. (2020). Developing digital transformation strategy for manufacturing. Procedia computer science, 170, 664-671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2020.03.173
Apetrei, C. I., Strelkovskii, N., Khabarov, N., & Rincón, V. J. (2024). Improving the representation of smallholder farmers’ adaptive behaviour in agent-based models: Learning-by-doing and social learning. Ecological Modelling, 489, 110609. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2023.110609
Appio, F. P., Cacciatore, E., Cesaroni, F., Crupi, A., & Marozzo, V. (2024). Open innovation at the digital frontier: unraveling the paradoxes and roadmaps for SMEs' successful digital transformation. European Journal of Innovation Management, 27(9), 223-247. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-04-2023-0343
Aslanova, I. V., & Kulichkina, A. I. (2020, May). Digital maturity: Definition and model. In 2nd International Scientific and Practical Conference “Modern Management Trends and the Digital Economy: from Regional Development to Global Economic Growth”(MTDE 2020) (pp. 443-449). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200502.073
Bah, M. O. P., Sun, Z., Hange, U., & Edjoukou, A. J. R. (2024). Effectiveness of organizational change through employee involvement: Evidence from telecommunications and refinery companies. Sustainability, 16(6), 2524. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16062524
Basten, D., & Haamann, T. (2018). Approaches for Organizational Learning: A Literature Review. SAGE Open, 8(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244018794224
Bellantuono, N., Nuzzi, A., Pontrandolfo, P., & Scozzi, B. (2021). Digital transformation models for the I4. 0 transition: Lessons from the change management literature. Sustainability, 13(23), 12941. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132312941
Celik, I., Muukkonen, H., & Dogan, S. (2021). A model for understanding new media literacy: Epistemological beliefs and social media use. Library & Information Science Research, 43(4), 101125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lisr.2021.101125
Codara, L., & Sgobbi, F. (2023). Resilience, complexity and digital transformation: three case studies in the valves industry. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 34(9), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1108/jmtm-05-2022-0214
Crisan, E. L., & Mihaila, A. (2023). Health-care information systems adoption–a review of management practices. Vilakshan-XIMB Journal of Management, 20(1), 130-139. https://doi.org/10.1108/xjm-04-2021-0121
Deschênes, A. A. (2024). Digital literacy, the use of collaborative technologies, and perceived social proximity in a hybrid work environment: Technology as a social binder. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 13, 100351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2023.100351
Dey, T., Jiang, W., & Fitzgerald, B. (2022, November 1). Knights and Gold Stars: A Tale of InnerSource Incentivization. IEEE Software, 39(6), 88-98. https://doi.org/10.1109/ms.2022.3192647
Dussart, P., van Oortmerssen, L. A., & Albronda, B. (2021). Perspectives on knowledge integration in cross-functional teams in information systems development. Team Performance Management: An International Journal, 27(3/4), 316-331. https://doi.org/10.1108/tpm-11-2020-0096
Ehn, M., Derneborg, M., Revenäs, Å., & Cicchetti, A. (2021). User-centered requirements engineering to manage the fuzzy front-end of open innovation in e-health: A study on support systems for seniors’ physical activity. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 154, 104547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2021.104547
Embrett, M., Liu, R. H., Aubrecht, K., Koval, A., & Lai, J. (2020). Thinking together, working apart: leveraging a community of practice to facilitate productive and meaningful remote collaboration. International Journal of Health Policy and Management, 10(9), 528. https://doi.org/10.34172/ijhpm.2020.122
Ensor, J., & de Bruin, A. (2022). The role of learning in farmer-led innovation. Agricultural Systems, 197, 103356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2021.103356
Errida, A., & Lotfi, B. (2021). The determinants of organizational change management success: Literature review and case study. International Journal of Engineering Business Management, 13, 184797902110162. https://doi.org/10.1177/18479790211016273
Febiri, F., & Hub, M. (2021). Digitalization of global economy: A qualitative study exploring key indicators use to measure digital progress in the public sector. EDP Sciences-Web of Conferences. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219205006
Fernández, A., Gómez, B., Binjaku, K., & Meçe, E. K. (2023). Digital transformation initiatives in higher education institutions: A multivocal literature review. Education and information technologies, 28(10), 12351-12382. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11544-0
Finefter-Rosenbluh, I., & Power, K. (2023). Exploring preservice teachers’ professional vision: Modes of isolation, ethical noticing, and anticipation in research communities of practice. Teaching and Teacher Education, 132, 104245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2023.104245
Fischer, M., Imgrund, F., Janiesch, C., & Winkelmann, A. (2020). Strategy archetypes for digital transformation: Defining meta objectives using business process management. Information & management, 57(5), 103262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2019.103262
Fitriani, N., Setiawan, D., Aryani, Y. A., & Arifin, T. (2023). Does social media affect performance in e-commerce business? The role of customer management. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 9(4), 100171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joitmc.2023.100171
Flood, K., Mahon, M., & McDonagh, J. (2022). Everyday resilience: Rural communities as agents of change in peatland social-ecological systems. Journal of Rural Studies, 96, 316-331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2022.11.008
Fruchtman, C. S., Khalid, M. B., Keakabetse, T., Bonito, A., Saulnier, D. D., Mupara, L. M., ... & Zafar, S. (2022). Digital communities of practice: one step towards decolonising global health partnerships. BMJ Global Health, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-008174
Geletu, G. M., & Mihiretie, D. M. (2023). Professional accountability and responsibility of learning communities of practice in professional development versus curriculum practice in classrooms: Possibilities and pathways. International Journal of Educational Research Open, 4, 100223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2022.100223
Gollhardt, T., Halsbenning, S., Hermann, A., Karsakova, A., & Becker, J. (2020, June). Development of a digital transformation maturity model for IT companies. In 2020 IEEE 22nd Conference on Business Informatics (CBI) (Vol. 1, pp. 94-103). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cbi49978.2020.00018
Golmaryami, S., Nunes, M. L., & Ferreira, P. (2024). The role of social learning on consumers’ willingness to engage in demand-side management: An agent-based modelling approach. Smart Energy, 14, 100138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.segy.2024.100138
Gong, C., & Ribiere, V. (2021). Developing a unified definition of digital transformation. Technovation, 102, 102217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2020.102217
Goodyear, V. A., & Armour, K. M. (2021). Young People’s health-related learning through social media: What do teachers need to know?. Teaching and Teacher Education, 102, 103340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2021.103340
Hamzah, M. I. M., Abd Rani, N. S., & Matore, M. E. E. M. (2021). Change management indicators and their applications in strengthening the process and learning organization levels. Sustainability, 13(24), 13988. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132413988
Heiss, R., Nanz, A., & Matthes, J. (2023). Social media information literacy: Conceptualization and associations with information overload, news avoidance and conspiracy mentality. Computers in Human Behavior, 148, 107908. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2023.107908
Imjai, N., Aujirapongpan, S., & Yaacob, Z. (2024). Impact of logical thinking skills and digital literacy on Thailand's generation Z accounting students’ internship effectiveness: Role of self-learning capability. International Journal of Educational Research Open, 6, 100329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2024.100329
Jafari-Sadeghi, V., Garcia-Perez, A., Candelo, E., & Couturier, J. (2021). Exploring the impact of digital transformation on technology entrepreneurship and technological market expansion: The role of technology readiness, exploration and exploitation. Journal of Business Research, 124, 100-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.11.020
Jenkins, G., Palermo, C., Clark, A. M., & Costello, L. (2024). Communities of practice to facilitate change in health professions education: A realist synthesis. Nurse Education Today, 134, 106091. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2024.106091
Kabir, K. H., Rahman, S., Hasan, M. M., Chowdhury, A., & Gow, G. (2023). Facebook for digital agricultural extension services: The case of rooftop gardeners in Bangladesh. Smart Agricultural Technology, 6, 100338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atech.2023.100338
King, P., Martin-Ortega, J., Armstrong, J., Ferré, M., & Bark, R. H. (2023). Mainstreaming nature-based solutions: What role do Communities of Practice play in delivering a paradigm shift?. Environmental science & policy, 144, 53-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2023.03.003
Kohlgrüber, M., Maldonado-Mariscal, K., & Schröder, A. (2021, May). Mutual learning in innovation and co-creation processes: integrating technological and social innovation. In Frontiers in Education (Vol. 6, p. 498661). Frontiers Media SA. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.498661
Kraft, C., Lindeque, J. P., & Peter, M. K. (2022). The digital transformation of Swiss small and medium-sized enterprises: insights from digital tool adoption. Journal of Strategy and Management, 15(3), 468-494. https://doi.org/10.1108/jsma-02-2021-0063
Kretschmer, T., & Khashabi, P. (2020). Digital transformation and organization design: An integrated approach. California management review, 62(4), 86-104. https://doi.org/10.1177/0008125620940296
Kucharska, W. (2021). Do mistakes acceptance foster innovation? Polish and US cross-country study of tacit knowledge sharing in IT. Journal of Knowledge Management, 25(11), 105-128. https://doi.org/10.1108/jkm-12-2020-0922
Machado, C. G., Winroth, M., Almström, P., Ericson Öberg, A., Kurdve, M., & AlMashalah, S. (2021). Digital organisational readiness: experiences from manufacturing companies. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 32(9), 167-182. https://doi.org/10.1108/jmtm-05-2019-0188
Maidl, E., & Buchecker, M. (2021). Local hazard consultants in Switzerland–an innovative social learning element in a community of practice. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 65, 102542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102542
Marx, S., Flynn, S., & Kylänen, M. (2021). Digital transformation in tourism: Modes for continuing professional development in a virtual community of practice. Project Leadership and Society, 2, 100034. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plas.2021.100034
Morton, J., Wilson, A. D., & Cooke, L. (2020). The digital work of strategists: Using open strategy for organizational transformation. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 29(2), 101613. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsis.2020.101613
Mouazen, A. M., Hernández-Lara, A. B., Abdallah, F., Ramadan, M., Chahine, J., Baydoun, H., & Bou Zakhem, N. (2024). Transformational and transactional leaders and their role in implementing the Kotter change management model ensuring sustainable change: An empirical study. Sustainability, 16(1), 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16010016
Nadeem, M. (2024). Distributed leadership in educational contexts: A catalyst for school improvement. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 9, 100835. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2024.100835
Nikmehr, B., Hosseini, M. R., Martek, I., Zavadskas, E. K., & Antucheviciene, J. (2021). Digitalization as a strategic means of achieving sustainable efficiencies in construction management: A critical review. Sustainability, 13(9), 5040. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13095040
Okello, J J., Shikuku, K M., Lagerkvist, C J., Rommel, J., Jogo, W., Ojwang, S., Namanda, S., & Elungat, J. (2023, October 1). Social incentives as nudges for agricultural knowledge diffusion and willingness to pay for certified seeds: Experimental evidence from Uganda. Food Policy, 120, 102506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2023.102506
Omol, E. J. (2024). Organizational digital transformation: from evolution to future trends. Digital Transformation and Society, 3(3), 240-256. https://doi.org/10.1108/dts-08-2023-0061
Palfreyman, J., & Morton, J. (2022). The benefits of agile digital transformation to innovation processes. Journal of Strategic Contracting and Negotiation, 6(1), 26-36. https://doi.org/10.1177/20555636221079943
Patterson, C. M., Nurse, J. R., & Franqueira, V. N. (2023). Learning from cyber security incidents: A systematic review and future research agenda. Computers & Security, 132, 103309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2023.103309
Pekkala, K., & van Zoonen, W. (2022). Work-related social media use: The mediating role of social media communication self-efficacy. European Management Journal, 40(1), 67-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2021.03.004
Philippart, M. H. (2021). Success factors to deliver organizational digital transformation: A framework for transformation leadership. Journal of Global Information Management (JGIM), 30(8), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.4018/jgim.304068
Qiang, X. (2021). Technical methods for accelerating digital transformation of Chinese enterprises. In MATEC Web of Conferences (Vol. 336, p. 09024). EDP Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133609024
Rossignoli, F., Lionzo, A., Henschel, T., & Boers, B. (2024). Knowledge sharing in family SMEs: the role of communities of practice. Journal of Family Business Management, 14(2), 310-331. https://doi.org/10.1108/jfbm-03-2023-0038
Sharma, R., & Bagchi, S. N. (2024). Projectized Community of Practice: A Case Study of Globally Distributed Information Technology Organization. Vikalpa, 49(1), 7-24. https://doi.org/10.1177/02560909241232499
Singh, A., Klarner, P., & Hess, T. (2020). How do chief digital officers pursue digital transformation activities? The role of organization design parameters. Long Range Planning, 53(3), 101890. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2019.07.001
Smol?g, K., Szajt, M., & Hajduová, Z. (2023). The use of social media by Polish and Slovak students and their digital competences. Procedia Computer Science, 225, 1211-1220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2023.10.109
Steins, N. A., Veraart, J. A., Klostermann, J. E., & Poelman, M. (2021). Combining offshore wind farms, nature conservation and seafood: Lessons from a Dutch community of practice. Marine Policy, 126, 104371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2020.104371
Strömberg, J., Sundberg, L., & Hasselblad, A. (2020, December). Digital maturity in theory and practice: A case study of a swedish smart-built environment firm. In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM) (pp. 1344-1348). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ieem45057.2020.9309760
Sung, W., & Kim, C. A study on the effect of change management on organizational Innovation: Focusing on the mediating effect of members’ innovative behavior. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (4): 2079. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13042079
Tang, D. (2021). What is digital transformation?. Edpacs, 64(1), 9-13. https://doi.org/10.1080/07366981.2020.1847813
Teng, X., Wu, Z., & Yang, F. (2022). Impact of the digital transformation of small?and medium?sized listed companies on performance: based on a cost?benefit analysis framework. Journal of Mathematics, 2022(1), 1504499. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1504499
Thordsen, T., Murawski, M., & Bick, M. (2020). How to measure digitalization? A critical evaluation of digital maturity models. In Responsible Design, Implementation and Use of Information and Communication Technology: 19th IFIP WG 6.11 Conference on e-Business, e-Services, and e-Society, I3E 2020, Skukuza, South Africa, April 6–8, 2020, Proceedings, Part I 19 (pp. 358-369). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44999-5_30
Van Veldhoven, Z., & Vanthienen, J. (2022). Digital transformation as an interaction-driven perspective between business, society, and technology. Electronic markets, 32(2), 629-644. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12525-021-00464-5
Van Veldhoven, Z., & Vanthienen, J. (2023). Best practices for digital transformation based on a systematic literature review. Digital transformation and society, 2(2), 104-128. https://doi.org/10.1108/dts-11-2022-0057
Verhoef, P. C., Broekhuizen, T., Bart, Y., Bhattacharya, A., Dong, J. Q., Fabian, N., & Haenlein, M. (2021). Digital transformation: A multidisciplinary reflection and research agenda. Journal of business research, 122, 889-901. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.09.022
Vial, G. (2019). Understanding digital transformation: A review and a research agenda. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 28(2), 118–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsis.2019.01.003
von Schönfeld, K. C., & Tan, W. (2021). Endurance and implementation in small-scale bottom-up initiatives: How social learning contributes to turning points and critical junctures. Cities, 117, 103280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2021.103280
Wohllebe, A., & Götz, M. (2021). Communities of practice for functional learning in agile contexts: definition approach and call for research. International Journal of Advanced Corporate Learning, 14(1), 62. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijac.v14i1.21939
Y?ld?r?m, N., Siyahi, B. T., Özbek, O., Ahio?lu, ?., & Kahya, A. S. (2022). A combined multi-criteria decision-making framework for process-based digitalisation opportunity and priority assessment (DOPA). International Journal of Business Analytics (IJBAN), 9(5), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijban.298018
Yuen, T. M., & Baskaran, S. (2023). Going digital for SMES: Adapting business model and seizing opportunities to achieve sustainable business performance. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 13(2), 437-449. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v13-i2/16370
Zaoui, F., & Souissi, N. (2020). Roadmap for digital transformation: A literature review. Procedia Computer Science, 175, 621-628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2020.07.090
Zaoui, F., & Souissi, N. (2021, June). A framework for a strategic digital transformation. In 2020 6th IEEE Congress on Information Science and Technology (CiSt) (pp. 502-508). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cist49399.2021.9357314
Van Zoonen, W., Luoma-aho, V., & Lievonen, M. (2024). Trust but verify? Examining the role of trust in institutions in the spread of unverified information on social media. Computers in Human Behavior, 150, 107992. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2023.107992
Zou, W., Drake, A. P., Masur, P. K., Whitlock, J., & Bazarova, N. N. (2024). Examining learners' engagement patterns and knowledge outcome in an experiential learning intervention for youth's social media literacy. Computers & Education, 216, 105046. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2024.105046.
CITEDNESS IN SCOPUS
CITEDNESS IN WOS
